Communication Case Essay Example for Free

Communication Case Essay morality Case 4-7 Income Statement Presentation of Unusual LossRequirementThe Cranor Corporation suffered $10 million in expenses linked to a product cogitate. The company had endured product recalls in the past and they still occur in the business. To translate revenue from continuing operations, Jim Dietz, the controller, wishes to describe the $10 million as an extraordinary loss, instead of an expense included in operating income. He states to the CEO that the company has never had a product recall of this size and that the corporation fixed the design flaw and improved quality control. The drawback is, in order for Jim to categorize the loss as an extraordinary occurrence, he essential view that the losses in the companys financial statements atomic number 18 infrequent and unusual. He must also presume this type is not apparent to occur again in the future profitability. (Spiceland, Sepe, Nelson, 2013, p. 188) The Journal of Accountancy st ates that extraordinary items are gains and losses that are material, and result from events that are both unusual and infrequent. (Extraordinary Items character Exclusive Company , 2013) These criteria must be considered in light of the environment in which the entity operates. There obviously is a considerable degree of subjectivity refer in the determination. The concepts of unusual and infrequent require judgment. In making these judgments, an accountant should keep in mind the overall objective of the income statement. The key question is how the event relates to a firms future profitability. If it is judged that the event, because of its unusual nature and infrequency of occurrence, is not likely to occur again, separate reporting as an extraordinary item is warranted.The ethical dilemma faced by Jim Dietz and the companys heading executive officer is that it appears from the facts of the case that it would be difficult for the company to come to the decision that a materi al product recall is not likely to occur again in the foreseeable future. This type of event has occurred before and is common in the industry. While a subjective judgment, extraordinary treatment of the $10 million does not appear warranted. Is the obligation of Jim and the CEO to maximize income from continuing operations, the companys position on the stock market and management bonuses stronger than their obligation to fairly presentaccounting information to the users of financial statements? If they decide to go with Jims suggestion, it would be misleading to the shareholders and creditors about the lost suffered. The misrepresenting of the stakeholders and money market would be sinful and display wickedness, while if the corporation is straightforward with the market and shareholders it will demonstrate honourable values and show that the corporation is working in the best interest of the investors by not misleading them when it comes to losses. In Exodus 231-2 it speaks about demeanor a false report.The New International Version states Do not spread false reports. Do not help a guilty mortal by being a malicious witness. Do not follow the crowd in doing wrong. With Jim and the CEO being in a management position, they are required to perform many activities in running the entity in the best interest of stakeholders. Their duties include leading and directing an entity, including making important decisions concerning the acquisition, deployment and control of world financial, physical and intangible resources. They are supposed to take the charge for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance to the accounting policies. (Handbook of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, 2013)I think the Cranor Company should include the loss in their net income and continue with the product recall. Including the loss in their net income will show honesty to its stakeholders. They may not receive a bonus, but it is better for them to be honest than risk the consequences of lying about the loss. Leviticus 1911 says, Do not steal. Do not lie. Do not deceive one another. (The Quest Study Bible, New International Version, 1994) By seeing the scripture we washbowl detect how this relates to accounting ethics. Leviticus 1911 explains that that we are not to steal, and ultimately mislead others. When we associate this verse to this ethical dilemma it would describe Jim Dietz and the company chief executive officer of deceiving the stock market into thinking that the loss was truly an extraordinary item on income statement when in reality, they are misleading them to reap a bonus.ReferencesThe Quest Study Bible, New International Version. (1994). Grand Rapids Zondervan Publishing House. Extraordinary Items Share Exclusive Company . (2013, September 3). Retrieved from Journal of Accountancy http//www.journalofaccountancy.com/Issues/2007/whitethorn/ExtraordinaryItemsShareExclusiveCompany.htm Handbook of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. (2013). New York International Federation of Accountants. Spiceland, D., Sepe, J., Nelson, M. (2013). Intermediate Accounting (7th ed.). New York McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Business Essay Example for Free

Business EssayConvenience mesh marketing enables you to be string out for business around the clock without worrying about store go-ahead hours or overtime payments for staff. Offering your products on the Internet is also convenient for customers. They croupe browse your online store at any time and place orders when it is convenient for them.Reach By marketing on the Internet, you can overcome barriers of distance. You can shop goods in any part of the country without setting up local anaesthetic outlets, widening your target market. You can also build an export business without opening a network of distributors in different countries. However, if you want to sell internationally, you should use localization services to ensure that your products are suitable for local markets and comply with local business regulations. Localization services include translation and product modification to reflect local market differences.Cost Marketing products on the Internet be less th an marketing them through a physical retail outlet. You do not have the recurring costs of property rental and maintenance. You do not have to purchase stock for display in a store. You can order stock in line with demand, keeping your inventory costs low.Personalization Internet marketing enables you to personalize offers to customers by building a profile of their purchasing history and preferences. By tracking the web pages and product information that prospects visit, you can possess targeted offers that reflect their interests. The information available from tracking website visits also provides data for planning cross-selling campaigns so that you can increase the value of gross sales by customer.Relationships The Internet provides an heavy platform for building relationships with customers and increasing customer retention levels. When a customer has purchased a product from your online store, you can begin the relationship by sending a follow-up email to confirm the trans action and thank the customer. Emailing customers regularly with special, personalized offers helps to maintain the relationship. You can also invite customers to submit product reviews on your website, serving to build a sense of community.Social Internet marketing enables you to take advantage of the growing importance of social media. An article on the Harvard Business nurture Executive Education website highlighted the link between social networking and online revenue growth. According to the article, a group of consumers that responded most strongly to the influence of social networks generated increased sales of around 5 percent. You can take advantage of this type of influence by incorporating social networking tools in your Internet marketing campaigns.

Cyber Security Essay Example for Free

Cyber Security EssayPresident Obama has declared that the cyber threat is cardinal of the most serious e fiddleomic and national certificate challenges we face as a nation Americas economic prosperity in the 21st century give depend on cyber security. So why is it that so many people still tiret know virtually of the basic ways that evoke cyber threats? The purpose of this paper is to name almost of the more than basic cyber threats. fifty-fifty though it is just the beginning to the hazards you can obtain, they are highly effective beca mathematical function of the tour of people that still allow these kinds of breaches. First and foremost are data processor viruses. According to cknow.com, There were over 50,000 computer viruses in 2000 and that number was then and still is development rapidly. Sophos, in a print ad in June 2005 claims over 103,000 viruses. And, Symantec, in April 2008 is reported to have claimed the number is over one million. With so many divers(p renominal) viruses out on that point, how do you know what to look for and how to protect your cyber world from viruses? Some of the most common viruses that effect people are Trojans and Net Bots.PCmag.com defines a Trojan as A program that appears legitimate, solely performs some illicit activity when it is run. It may be used to locate password information or mold the system more vulnerable to future entry or simply destroy programs or data on the hard disk. A Trojan is homogeneous to a virus, except that it does not replicate itself. It stays in the computer doing its damage or allowing somebody from a remote site to take check into of the computer. Trojans often sneak in attached to a free game or other utility. To add to their definition, it can also be affixed to an e-mail attachment or the email itself. So now that you know what it is youre probably thinking so what can I do to protect myself from obtaining this virus? The best thing to do would be to trail yourself v irtually this threat. acknowledge what they look want and common clearsites they reside. The next thing that to do is to be reliable to always have an up to date WELL KNOWN antivirus such as Sophos, McAfee, or Norton.The well known part is rattling important because some of the smaller antivirus companies are part of the reason there are so many Trojans out there. Once you get some antivirus software you need to be sure to keep it up to date. Also, dont open emails from senders that you dont recognize. Several of the Trojans out there that get circulated by email pose from people opening emails from unknown senders. The next one is botnets. http//searchsecurity.techtarget.com says A botnet (also known as a zombie army) is a number of Internet computers that, although their owners are oblivious(predicate) of it, have been set up to forward transmissions (including spam or viruses) to other computers on the Internet. Any such computer is referred to as a zombie in effect, a co mputer robot or bot that serves the wishes of some master spam or virus originator. Most computers compromised in this way are home-based. According to a report from Russian-based Kaspersky Labs, botnets not spam, viruses, or worms currently pose the biggest threat to the Internet. Trojans are the major way that you can get one of these viruses.So it is important that you once again get antivirus software, keep it up to date, and dont open emails from unknown senders. However, with this virus you can get it just from going to a questionable web site. So how do you know what ones are good and what ones are questionable? Well that you can for the most part guess using these deciding factors argon there several java applications on the web page? Is there a lot of download able content? Are there turn up up advertisements that come up on the page? Then you probably should do your best to stay away from the page. In case you are unsure, some antivirus software are now including a tru sted and untrusted feature so when you search a site it will let you know if the page is pr yettative or proceed at your own risk. If your antivirus does not have such a feature then there are some applications out there that will do the same thing just to name one would be WOT or Web of Trust. The next issue is a comminuted more targeted to the business world.It deals more with their emails and correspondence but can also be directed to an average internet user. It is phishing. Webroot.com expounds Email Phishing scams are carried out online by tech-savvy con artists and identity theft criminals. They use spam, fake websites constructed to look identical to a real sites, email and instant messages to trick you into divulging sensitive information, like bank taradiddle passwords and credit card numbers. Once you take the phishers bait, they can use the information to create fake accounts in your name, ruin your credit, and steal your money or even your identity. This is a serious issue that takes some skill to recognize to evade taking the phishers bait. First and foremost is to educate yourself on phishing attacks or scams. Know what it looks like. There are many resources that you have available to you on the internet to learn how to spot a phishing attack and a legitimist email. The Department of Defense offers a great course on how to spot a phishing email at http//iase.disa.mil/eta/phishing/Phishing/launchPage.htm. A more specific attack is whaling. B records.iss.net explains The adoption of the term Whaling within phishing is fairly new and may have been derived from the use of Whales within gambling to refer to big-time gamblers and high rollers, but most likely come from the colloquialism for big tilt.Regardless, Whaling describes the most focused type of phishing currently encountered by businesses or government targeted attacks against groups of high-level executives within a single organization, or executive positions common to dual organizat ions (e.g. the CTO or CFO). In a whaling attack, the phisher focuses upon a very small group of senior personnel within an organization and tries to steal their credentials preferably through with(predicate) the installation of malware that provides back-door functionality and key logging. By focusing upon this small group, the phisher can invest more time in the attack and finely tune his message to come across the highest likelihood of success. Note that these messages need not be limited to email. Some scams have relied upon regular postage systems to deliver infected media for example, a CD purportedly containing evaluation software from a known supplier to the CIO, but containing a hidden malware installer.So if youre not a high level employee, youre probably wondering how this is important to you. How phishers go about their scam is by obtaining little bits of what some would consider being harmless information from other employees about level executives and projects goin g on in the company. They start at the bottom to get more information at the top. So in all actuality it very much concerns everyone in the company. This leads me in to my last but important area of cyber security insider threat. Frankly, that is you. Every employee is potentially an insider threat. So let me define it a little better with some help from searchsecurity.techtarget.com. An insider threat is a malicious hacker (also called a cracker or a black hat) who is an employee or officer of a business, institution, or agency. The term can also apply to an outside person who poses as an employee or officer by obtaining false credentials. The cracker obtains access to the computer systems or networks of the enterprise, and then conducts activities intended to cause harm to the enterprise.Insider threats are often disgruntled employees or ex-employees who believe that the business, institution, or agency has done them wrong and rule justified in gaining revenge. The malicious acti vity usually occurs in four steps or phases. First, the cracker gains entry to the system or network. Secondly, the cracker investigates the spirit of the system or network in order to learn where the vulnerable points are and where the most damage can be caused with the least effort. Thirdly, the cracker sets up a workstation from which the nefarious activity can be conducted. Finally, the actual destructive activity takes place. The damage caused by an insider threat can take many forms, including the founding of viruses, worms, or Trojan horses the theft of information or corporate secrets the theft of money the corruption or deletion of data the altering of data to promote inconvenience or false criminal evidence and the theft of the identities of specific individuals in the enterprise.Protection against the insider threat involves measures similar to those recommended for Internet users, such as the use of multiple spyware scanning programs, anti-virus programs, firewalls, a nd a rigorous data backup and archiving routine. It could also be an employee giving away what you would consider to be harmless information like an email address, a project you are working on at work, how many people you work with, or even where you work and the location of the building. Even with some of the best antivirus software, a stellar knowledge of phishing, and an elite cyber security system, an insider threat can penetrate that because they most the time have the credentials to log it to the system and pull resources ligitimently so it would go unnoticed. So how can you help protect you network or your companys network from an insider threat? Simply, dont be one. Always be sure to only give information that the other person is on the same level to receive.Secondly is to educate yourself on insider threat prevention. There is a plethora of resources to do just that. A helpful one is http//www.ussecurityawareness.org/highres/insider-threat.html. Also watch for signs of curi ous activity with co workers. Report any evidence or suspicions to your supervisor. So in conclusion, prevention starts with you. Buy up to date antivirus software. avoid risky sites, educate yourself on what a phishing attack looks like, know what a legitimate email is, dont be an insider threat and educate yourself about things to look for from other co workers. Cyber security is a serious threat and is a major issue that needs to be taken seriously. It is not just something for the IT department to worry about but starts with every one making sure to take the appropriate security measures to make the cyber world more secure.

Land Art Movement and Artists

let down Art Movement and ArtistsLand Art was mainly developed during the late 1960s. It is also known as Earth whole kit. Land art was the revolutionary side of the artisans, which were trying to escape from the traditional painting and sculpture, as well as their ecological concerns. According to Robert Smithson, this revolutionary approach, was also an take in charge to escape from galleries and museums this led to environmental consciousness and objection.The ecologist tends to see the adorn painting in terms of the past, while most industrialists dont see anything at all. The artist must acquire out of the isolation of galleries and museums and provide a concrete consciousness for the present as it really exists, and not simply present abstractions or utopias1This had as a resolvent, for artists to create their art directly into the landscape. The utilization was made mostly with huge home sculptures directly in nature, using natural materials. Land art is around real l ife and embodies the direct and instinctive relations with the landscape, the nature and the environment. It covers the approach of the location and the experience of the observer attaching special importance to the landscape. Land art works were mainly exhibited with written or photographic fundings. 2Land art also provides the social and cultural conditions of that time. During 1968 there was a fundamental change of revolution in both continents, United States and Europe. In United States there was a pacifist and human rights expression, mainly cause by the Cold War and the Ameri cease attachment in Vietnam. In Europe, one factor for that revolutionary change was the rebellious activities of the Situationist Internanionale (Guy Debord) in France. Also the warning of danger caused by the nuclear war (global extinction), had a result to emphasize the importance of ecological issues. The first images from space, published the same year, changed the way we perceive our world.Land art reveals the clash positions of that period, in the direction of land and the environment. It desires a radical change and the recovery of the ecological disaster on land caused by the industrialisation. Through Land art we can reconsider our relationship with the landscape and with nature.The massive unexploited land of America contend a major role in the development of Land art in the United States during that period. more than American artists per work outed their works, using those unexplored deserts of the American landscape. Those deserts embodied a mainly American approach towards landscape. They also proposed the success of American burnish and technology over nature. They rejected the historic fine art traditions of Europe and they started to reference towards the significant national American idioms.3One main American artist is Robert Smithson, which he considers being the most important theoretical artist among all land artists. Many of his activities were located in the geological and culturally rich of western sandwich America in desert locations.Smithson was interested in natural history from an early age. The year 1964 was a crucial year for his career as he began to develop his themes and interests. Blood, decay, geological strata and theories around time and history, were some of the artists interests that were developed through the paintings that he made on that period. In the same year he created a serial of crystalline sculptures, like The Eliminator 1964. He also developed a friendly relationship with a number of artists, which were associated with Minimalism. One of them was Donald Judd. When he exhibited those sculptures, they were perceived as Minimalist. This was mainly because he was known for his connection with those artists and due to the fact that for this work he used industrial materials. But Smithsons work deals and represents the multipart conceptual ideas. This multipart conceptual ideas allow crystalline growth, decom pose and the dilemma of perspective. He rejects clarity, unlike Minimalism, in which objects are standing themselves and are symbolising the external. 4Smithson, as well as other artists, played their part in transforming the perception of nature. He has seen landscape as a place in continuous transformation, revealing entropy. He is associated with a natural landscape and he emphasizes the relationship surrounded by man and natural powers. Smithson also provides a powerful image for the present-day(a) position. In Smithosns writings the concept that emphasizes much on his work is the principle of energy loss-entropy. In 1968 he started to think about the scale and how ar bothrks can be positioned and viewed in the landscape. He explored these ideas in a series of works called Site and Nonsite. Smithson described this work as an indoor earthwork. In 1969 he started to produce his work directly into landscape, as he was interested in making art outdoors, away from galleries. He pro duced photographic work using mirrors. 5In 1970 he made his major work on the landscape called ringlet Jetty, (1) which was made at Rozel Point on Great Salt Lake, in Utah. Spiral Jetty was made from rocks, mud and precipitated salt crystals. Smithson documented the creation of the sculpture. He learned that Great Salt Lake in Utah carried micro bacteria that coloured the piss red and he developed an interest in the symbolical possibility of a red saline lake. He created the spiral form, as he was inspired with the location, the natural characteristics and the historical contexts. Smithson linked the red salt water with blood. Through Smithsons own writings, Spiral Jetty is presented as a particular clear example of his association between artwork and location and he is evince its entropic qualities.6Michael Heizer was an American artist who was considered being very important to the development of land art. He felt that a sculpture needed to express the character and the scale o f the great Western American landscape. He believed that artworks were valued as products and he provided the differences between those works of the urban marketplace and the works in the landscape. He state that the position of art as malleable barter-exchange items falters as the cumulative economic structure gluts. The museums and collections are stuffed, the floors are sagging but the real space exists7Heizer used the desert spaces as a laboratory. His first landscape work began in 1967, and it was called North and South. Through out this work we can perceive his interest in void and negative spaces. He rejected European traditions, as he wanted to make art that was American. Heizer most famous and most debatable work is Double Negative (2), built in 1969. It is located at the Mormon Mesa, near Overton, Nevada. This work was made at the edge of the sandstone cliff and it is composed of two deep cuts creating a huge channel. Double Negative is composed of space itself. Heizer sa id that In Double Negative, there is the implication of an object or form that is actually not there 8Heizer believes that the work is not about the landscape but it is about the sculpture. He also believes that the importance of his work in not in what it rejected but in what it offered instead. Heizer through his work kept his primary purposes for his art in the landscape.In England the Land art started to develop as well in the late 1960s. England presented fewer opportunities for impressive gestures than United States. One main British artist was Richard Long. Long mostly gave emphasis to the simplicity on his work, giving the attention to his common skills and the materials he used. Walking was the principal form of Long. 9But beneath this simplicity we can perceive the conceptual and the imaginative aspects that suck up Longs art. He explored ideas about time, space and experience. From an early age he started also to explore the traditional subject of landscape. In 1969 he a imed to create an open and wildcat environment during his studies on the Advanced Sculpture Course at St Martins School of Art in capital of the United Kingdom. Other artists shared the same interest with Long about landscape as a subject for contemporary art. During his studies he developed a very different way of reaching the landscape, as through his work, he involved space and scale. His achievement on that period was the work titled with A Line Made by Walking, 1967. (3) He simply walked along a line, across a field, in determine to create a visible path in the grass. The path was photographed. We can split the work into two parts. ruin one is the making of the work and part two is the documentation. After this work he continued to explore this conceptual aspect by creating two more works, Bicycle Sculpture 1967 and A Ten Mile Walk, England 1968. Because this kind of works couldnt exhibit into a gallery, Long started to use documentary materials such as texts, maps and photo graphs.We can separate Longs sculptures into two categories. Sculptures that were made by walking in the landscape, and the documentation of it, and sculptures which were made in the gallery as a reaction to space and locality.This musical interval on Longs works (the work made in the landscape and the work made for the gallery space), can be compared with Robert Smithsons works Site and Nonesite . We can fix many similarities and differences between artists in the two continents. Longs work is considered being practical opposing to the work of Smithson, which is considered being theorised. Both artists used natural materials in order to accomplish their motivations. Long was using in his work, forms such as lines and circles expanding the modernist development. On the other hand, Smithson, had the obsession with destruction, decay, decomposition and dissolution. Both artists shared the same interest in order to find the place (landscape) to construct their works. Mapping was als o a significant concern for Long, as well as for Smithson, not only for the documentation of their work but also to find a specific location. Equally through their works, they demonstrated cultural and artistic concerns. 10Land art emphasizes the importance between nature and culture. Through Land Art, artists provided that the landscape is one of the original places of cultural expression, like social and environmental are clearly marked.BibliographyLand Art A Cultural Ecology handbook, ed. by Max Andrews, London RSA, 2006.Beardsley, J. Earthworks and beyond contemporary art in the landscape, 3rd edn. New York Abbeville, 1998.Malpas, W. Land art, earthworks, installations, environments, sculptures, Kidderminster Crescent Moon, 1998.Tufnell, B. Land Art, London Tate Gallery Publications, 2006.1 Land Art A Cultural Ecology handbook, ed. by Max Andrews.p.222 Tufnell, B. Land Art, London Tate Gallery Publications, 2006, pp.12-193 Tufnell, B. Land Art, pp.12-194 Tufnell, B. Land Art, pp 35-425 Beardsley, J. Earthworks and beyond contemporary art in the landscape, 3rd edn. New York Abbeville, 1998, pp. 19-236 Tufnell, B. Land Art, pp 43-457 Beardsley, J. Earthworks and beyond contemporary art in the landscape, p.138 Tufnell, B. Land Art p.519 Beardsley, J. Earthworks and beyond contemporary art in the landscape, pp.41-4610 Tufnell, B. Land Art, pp 32-35

Definition Of Energy Crisis Importance Of Energy Environmental Sciences Essay

Definition Of Energy Crisis Importance Of Energy Environmental Sciences EssayAn verve crisis is any keen blockage in supply of dynamism resources to an economy. It often refers to a decrease in the supply of electricity as compared to its petition. None can deny the grandeur of energy in todays world. Energy drives mans domestic life, industry, agriculture, and his automobiles, etc. Whenever there is a storage of energy all walks of life are affected. Pakistan face a dire energy crisis these days. Present energy crisis has passed all the previous ones. Pakistan has installed capacity of about 19500MW. The major(ip) contri exclusivelyors of this figure are WAPDA, KESC, IPPs and PAEC. WAPDA generates 11327MW and minority shares in the count population of energy in the estate. KESC contributes 1756MW, PAEC 427MW and IPPs 5500MW. The country takes this amount of energy from three main sources HYDREL, THERMAL, and NUCLEAR. HYDREL power is 6444MW, from which Tarbela power pose, Ma ngla power plant and Ghazi Barotha power plant. The main contribution towards the country total power is from thermal source. This type of energy is produced by Rental power plant(RPPS) and Indep terminalent power plant(IPPs) under authority of private power board. Pakistan atomic energy commission (PAEC) is generating electricity from nuclear fuel sources. Karachi nuclear plant and chashma nuclear power plant are producing 472MW of electricity. Pakistan has capacity to generate 50,000MW energy from hydrel source only(prenominal) but it produced only 6444MW out of this figure. The country has total coal reserve is 185 billion tones which can serve the country energy situation for centuries. The coastal brawl of Sindh separate 1046 Km has wind energy probable of 50,000 MW according to some estimates. Pakistan has sunlight duration of about sixteen hours a day and twelve months a year and this sunlight can generate about carbon,000 MW of electricity for Pakistan, almost free of co st. The current power production of country from all sources is about 13000 MW, Whereas demand is about 17500 MW. Thus this significant equality between the demand and supply of power and this disparity has pushed the country in crisis. It has been estimated that total energy requirements of the country in 2030 will be around 160,000 MW, Whereas present generation capacity of the system is only 19,000MW. Fortunately Pakistan is capable of this meeting target with the potential at its disposal. For example, its hydrel potential is close to 40,000MW, Gas can produced 50,000MW, coal can produced more then 50,000MW, and the balance of 1000MW can be produced by nuclear power plants. Only the impoverishment of condemnation is better policy making. Energy crisis has its far reaching ravages from economic to social life. The factors which had led to this situation would be discussed in the pervious paragraphs.Industrial exploitation accordingly the demand of electricity has been multipli ed in the past few year but, the government and concerned authorities have failed to keep pace with the ontogeny demands of industrial sector and agriculture sector. Agriculture sector has grown over the years with its own strain over the power distribution equation but not anticipated by the policy. Agriculture consumption of electricity was about 11% in 2005-2006 which rose upto 14%, according to FBS. The rate of increase in demand is many times greater than the rate of generation of power. So, the result is energy shortage. Another factor responsible for energy crisis is corrupt practices of the masses in collaboration with the concerned authorities. Electricity theft is contained particularly in far flung areas. The employees of wapda and kesc are involved in this power theft by providing illegal connections to the people. population also enjoy more than one meter in the same home to evade tariff, It has divided the collection of revenue and also causes loss of power. canal lo sses of electricity during its distribution from the site of production to the ultimate consumer are high in Pakistan owing to its factors. The distribution lines are in Pakistan either overage and damaged, there is no proper maintenance of these lines. Line losses from 20% of the total power transmitted through the lines. It means 20 units of every 100 units is wasted and not paid by the consumer.The roots of the energy crisis can be found to almost two decades back with advert of highly open-hearted 1994 policy for independent power producer (IPPs). With this policy a dramatic shift occurred in the generation source and it made the country hostage of an unorthodox rising and falling in number or amount in international oil and gas prices. The present cause of energy crisis is over corporate trust on expensive imported fuel mix. Before the implementation of 1994 policy the country electricity generation was trusted on fuel mix rough 70 or 30 in support of hydro thermal. This ch anged dramatically over the next decade and fuel mix become 30percent hydro an 70percent thermal by the end of 2010. The cost of this policy could be understood with the following comparison. Wapda is generating electricity from hydro source at Rs.1.03 kwh, While in public sector thermal power plant provided the same at Rs.8.5 kwh. However the (IPPs), provided the same at Rs.9.58 kwh. This cost increased for the consumer due to line losses and theft in the infection and distribution systems. non only single megawatt of electricity has been added to Pakistan national grid stations since 2000 record breaking economic growth and population expansion. In this land, blessed with fast menstruum rivers, there is no reason for us to not increase our hydel capacity to lower electricity cost, Inter central trust shortage, regarding the location of dams is a major cause of this low hydel production. More importantly, those down rivers dont want to see their share of sources of water reduced. The project of kala bagh dam was conceived(responsible) almost half century ago. Had it been constructed on time Pakistan would not faced the energy problem that it is challenged today. Similarly gavader maga project has been built by china and balochistan is its biggest beneficiary but its own provincial leadership is summit all kinds of serious objections to make it controversial. World over coal based power is cheap and largest source of power generation. The abundance of this cheap power in the power mix of a country pulls down the average price of power and more electricity cheap and affordable. Coal based power is not rocket science. It is intermediated technology and takes an average of 36 months for a coal power plant project to come on stream.The demand for power is ever increase but no maga project has been started since the start of energy crisis. According to some estimates the demand of power is increasing at a rate of 9% season the production rate has increased by 7 % only. It has contributed to energy crisis. Not only the new generation capacity was added to the system but also the transmission and distribution network was upgrade.Pakistan has witnessed a population explosion over the years. It had population of about 84,254,000 in 1981 with 28.8% people living in cities. Current population of the country is estimated to be 17,800,0000 with 32.2% people living in urban areas. But the generation of power and population increase have remained out of this phase with one some other leading energy shortage.

A Look At Don Bosco Religion Essay

A Look At male parent Bosco Religion EssaySt nates Bosco, also known as Don Bosco, is the subject of this paper and, as all saints of the Church, he has mediated in this world the presence of Christ to a multitude of people during his lifetime and closely particularly to the youth of his area in Italy. For my part, I did non grow up Catholic and so was not afforded the opportunity to be exposed to and look the long list of saints in the Church. This deficiency is being filled as I become more and more aware, through my encounters with people in various(a) ministries since becoming Catholic, of the more saints influencing and encouraging peoples lives. This particular saint, with his focus on youth, might have been helpful in providing an appealing framework focusing on grooming and spiritual growth especially due to the fact that it was coming from an adult who seemed to understand the needs and desires of young people. During my search for a saint to write on for this paper, hind end Boscos name was presented to me as someone whose situation in life speaks to the needs of people today, especially to the needs of youth who are the future of the Church.During his lifetime, St fanny Bosco also had to deal with populacey intrusions of anti-Catholicism. He lived during at time within Italy that was not conducive to publicly confirming the Catholic faith. The public State was not only wary of the activities of the Church but also actively worked against the Church by promulgating anti-Catholic laws and promoting dissent of the magisterium of the Church. The many vicissitudes he had to contend with and overcome can be seen, to various degrees, in todays world. His methods and approaches in confronting the anti-Catholicism of his day are also very prescient to the concerns and troubles of our world today.At the time of the birth of St tail end Bosco in 1815, Italy was not yet unified and consisted of ten different regional states. The Italian peninsula had always been made up of several independent kingdoms and the pontifical States cut across the Federal half. During the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte, the pope had been imprisoned and the Papal States were under control of the Napoleon Regime. The Congress of Vienna in 1815 marked the end of this regime and the Papal States were returned to Pope Pius VII. The pre-Napoleon boundaries of the other Italian kingdoms were also given back to their former rulers (prelates, 82-83). This time period also gave rise to the notion of unification of the Italian States and this was courtly and influenced by the French Revolution and American Revolution. With this notion, the monarchical form of government came under fire as more and more of the populace was filled with the vehemence of thinking authority came from themselves and not God. With traditional forms of government wanting to be ended, the Holy Sees temporal authority was also targeted. This encouraged the anti-clericalism that was rampa nt during the time of John Bosco and it was this environment that promoted the unique and diverse methods he employed in his ministry. John Bosco faced a multitude of opposition from the revolutionaries as they saw him as clergy. As clergy, he was a representative of the Church who was headed on earth by the Pope. The Pope ruled over the Papal States and the unwillingness of him to relinquish them was a restraint to unification. This barrier made John Bosco an enemy.John did not start out wrangling with revolutionaries. His humble and impoverished beginnings lie in a small hamlet called Becchi just outside of Turin, the capital of the Piedmont region in Northern Italy, in 1815. The death of his father when he was two years of age left him in the hands of his mother, Margaret, who would have a great influence in his young life as well as helping him in his ministry later in his life. As a single mother taking care of three boys, John being the youngest, and an elderly mother-in-law on a small farm, she nurtured and guided John in his vocation to the priesthood and in his mission to serve the radically poor. She was his model in early life, watching her generously share what little the family had with the poorer neighbors and transients, giving not only food and shelter, but kind words to salve their souls.The DreamWhen John was nine years of age, he had a dream that would recur many times over his life and that he would later recognize as the vision and course of his future vocation. In this dream, he found himself surrounded by a bunch of boys. Some were laughing, singling and playing, but others were fighting and using foul language. Losing his temper, he tries to stop the boys from fighting with his own fists, but this makes the situation worse. Then in the middle of the group fighting, a noble looking man appeared and they all stopped to stare at him. The man told John that the only way to entice over these boys is with the heart and not the fist. The ma n then told John that he was the son of the mother whom Johns mother taught him to salute three times a day. The man said he would the woman to him and John will be able to do everything easily. The man disappeared and the boys surrounding John turned into wolves and other wild animals. With fear, he turned and found a glorious and gracious lady at his side. The woman told John to look at the vision of his future work. She said that what John must do for these animals, he must do for all her children. In order to succeed, she said, he must be humble and strong. With this, the wild animals turned into sheep and lambs cavorting more or less him. The woman then assured John that she would be with him and she would give him guidance and support in his life.

Gender Roles and Kids Toys Essay -- Exploratory Research

Gender Roles and Kids ToysIn David Barrys article, Guys vs. Men, he discussed the differences between guys and men. This article made several valid points, including that guys will try and forth perform each other where sports argon concerned and that the space shuttle is the ultimate guy toy. My question is why do only guys turning with in all the neat toys? Part of the answer to this question might be that men argon encouraged to play with hi-tech toys while girls are given a Barbi doll or a toy oven. The best time to see how these differences are encouraged by our society is during the Holiday season. The toys I have seen for boys are mainly Star Wars action figures or Nintendo 64 games. The toys advertised for girls were mostly easy bake ovens (that now makes M&M cakes) or Barbi dolls with various accessories. I am not saying that a Barbi doll is necessarily a bad thing, besides the fact that some of her outfits are frightening, but I would sooner have the life like rocket tha t can fly a 100 feet up before it returns to the ground. This discussion might appear superficial at first, but there is an underlying problem to why a parent might want to encourage their young daughters to play with a science turnout instead of deciding what evening gown Barbi looks best in. A lot of the toys designed for boys might also be used as a eruditeness tool. When a boy plays with legos and starts to create buildings he is developing his creativity. This act could lead him into a career as an architect or engineer. When he is encouraged to play with rockets or a microscope he has the potential of developing an interest in science that could lead him into a career working on satellites. The kinds of toys that young girls are encouraged to pl... ...der Wars. The object of this game is to select what gender the player wants to be. Once the gender is selected the player tries to destroy the opposite gender. This games appears interesting, but it has the potential to create more conflict between men and women. Encouraging girls to play with different kinds of toys might also help the girls to understand men a little better when the girls give rise up. If they share a common interest then it is possible that they will reach an understanding of what can be expected from the opposite gender. Works CitedLunsford, Andrea A. and Ruszkiewicz, seat J. The Presence of Others 2nd ed. St. Martins Press, 1997excerpt Barry, Dave Guys vs. Men1995Bureau of Labor Statistics Data 12/3/97 http//stats.bls.gov/cpsatab1.htm SCi (Sales Curve Interactive) Ltd. Software (C) 1996 http//www.gtgames.com/games/genderwars/